In a previous blog post I used FIFA world rankings to see which was the “group of death” of the following Brazil 2014 World Cup finals.
I received some comments questioning FIFA ranking based on the position of some specific countries: Switzerland, Portugal, Argentina, Colombia, Chile… I am sure that when one looks at how each country is playing he will believe that this or that country plays much better than the other placed higher in the ranking. But, the goodness of the ranking is that it removes perceptions from the process and simply establishes a set of rules by which all teams are going to be measured. It then goes on computing teams’ results along the year and the positions in the ranking are established, for good and bad.
In one of the comments I received I got the suggestion to rather use ESPN Soccer Power Index (SPI) ranking. I was even more attracted to that hint as the ESPN SPI index was introduced by the economist Nate Silver of worldly fame, who many readers will know from his forecasts on recent elections in the USA (check his blog FiveThirtyEight).
In a post from 2009, when the SPI was introduced, just before the 2010 World Cup, he explained how the index was computed (“A Guide to ESPN’s SPI rankings”). As he explained, the process had 4 main steps:
- Calculate competitiveness coefficients for all games in database
- Derive match-based ratings for all international and club teams
- Derive player-based ratings for all games in which detailed data is available
- Combine team and player data into a composite rating based on current rosters; use to predict future results.
ESPN SPI ranking at the end of Nov 2013.
The main difference in relation to FIFA ranking algorithm is that it takes player-based ratings for those players who play in clubs in the Big Four leagues (England, Spain, Italy, Germany) and the UEFA Champions’ League. The player-based rating is merged into the national team coefficient. The player-based rating weighs heavily in national teams with many players playing in the main leagues (e.g. England or Spain national teams) and less heavily in other nations which roster is composed of many players not playing in clubs of the 4 main leagues (e.g. Russia).
Other details of the ESPN’s approach are similar to those used by FIFA: e.g. giving weights to results depending on the opponent, measuring the competitiveness of the match, the different confederations, etc.
You can see the top ranked countries at the picture above.
Without entering on whether this or that country is far better placed in one or the other ranking based on perceptions, one simple yardstick to measure them is to see how many of their 32 top countries are not among the 32 countries qualified for the World Cup:
- FIFA ranking: 7 teams among the top 32 are not in the World Cup: Ukraine (18), Denmark (25), Sweden (27), Czech Republic (28), Slovenia (29), Serbia (30) and Romania (32). All coming from Europe, and not qualified for the World Cup due to the limited amount of places for UEFA countries (they all placed 2nd or 3rd in their groups).
- ESPN SPI ranking: 6 teams among the top 32 are not in the World Cup: Paraguay (19), Serbia (20), Ukraine (21), Peru (27), Sweden (29) and Czech Republic (30). 4 countries from Europe and 2 from South America, out for the same reason. Here however, Paraguay is still placed 19th despite of being the last country of the CONMEBOL qualifying.
With the information from the ESPN SPI ranking I produced the same table:
Brazil 2014 groups heat map based on ESPN SPI ranking.
And then, the same analysis as in my previous post follows.
The most difficult groups in terms of total ratings are:
- B (Spain, Netherlands, Chile, Australia) with 327.
- D (Uruguay, Costa Rica, England, Italy) with 323.
- G (Germany, Portugal, Ghana, USA) with 322.
Looking at the average ranking, the most difficult groups are:
- D (Uruguay, Costa Rica, England, Italy) with 14.
- G (Germany, Portugal, Ghana, USA) with 15,25.
- B (Spain, Netherlands, Chile, Australia) with 17,5.
And excluding the rating of the favorite team (pot 1) in each group, which is the favorite facing the toughest group?
- Uruguay in group D, facing 239.
- Spain in group B, facing 238.
- Germany in group G, facing 234.
Then, combining the 3 approaches, the toughest group is between B (in terms of combined ratings) or D (in terms of average rating and from the favourite point of view).
Using the ESPN ranking group G would definitely would not be the toughest one, but the 3rd toughest.
I would understand ESPN journalists calling group B or D the toughest one. What strikes me is why FIFA website content editors call group B the “group of death” if by their ranking that group would be the group G!
It will be interesting to see how one ranking fares against the other at the time of predicting the actual development of the Brazil 2014 World Cup.
The Blog by Javier 