On top of my gift list

The other question I liked about this week’s Plinky email was:

“What’s at the top of your gift wish list right now?”

Normally I would almost always say “a trip, a holiday trip”. Since I have just moved to France, I came here 3 times in the last 3 weeks; I have been in Poland, Barcelona and The Netherlands in the last month as well… what do you think I would ask for?

Yes, yet another holiday trip: to refresh my mind, get a good pack of unforgettable moments, discover new places, etc… and the nice thing about this is: that I will get it! Right now a friend, my partner and I will go to Egypt for a week…

“À bientôt, Toulouse!”

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What charities do you support?

I got an email today from a source-of-ideas-for-blogs service called Plinky. Today’s email was a summary of the ideas for the last week. I liked 2 of those ideas; I’ll answer them, one per post.

“What charities do you support, and why?”

The first thought I had is “two: Kiva and Doctors without Borders (MSF)”. Then I developed the thought further: “Why?” The explanation that was going to follow is already written into another post, but thinking again about it made me realize that I only support one charity: MSF, as Kiva is not strictly speaking a charity.

Kiva gives a financial service, loans, to entrepreneurs that wouldn’t get them from commercial banks. The same situation happens with us: how many banks would not grant us a loan to start a company in Spain at the moment? If we found an investor, we would deem his action as an investment, a sound investment, not a charity act.

The charity act when lending money through Kiva is in fact the little donation you may choose to give to Kiva itself (to cover their operating costs) and the giving away the opportunity of earning some interest on that money… not much:

  • At the moment I put in Kiva ~250$ a year,
  • The interest I could get out of this would be ~4$ a year (if well invested may be 20$),
  • The 250$ may pay for about 12 loans of 25$ (assuming some of them will be repaid within that year and the money is re-loaned) and I generally give a 5% donation to Kiva on each loan… that is another 15$…

So out of these two concepts I give only 20$ to charities!

(Luckily I give some more to MSF… why? You can guess it)

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Master in common sense

What is the main thing you learn from studying an MBA? When I have been asked this question I always answer that the learning process is different: Most of the subjects present you with situations / cases that once solved you said to yourself “well, it was applied common sense, wasn’t it?” Yes, applied common sense to some situations you never encountered or reflected on before. This is one way you learn, the other is hearing from first hand hundreds of real stories experienced by your teachers.

It is not like learning to solve fluid dynamics or differential equations exercises… it is not that before you didn’t how to solve a problem and then you know it, at least this is how I felt at EOI. The learning process during the MBA is more like encouraging you to apply common sense to many issues, making you reflect on new topics from those that entertained you at university.

I tell this because after reading “How to win friends & influence people”, by Dale Carnegie, I felt the same.

I found that Dale Carnegie is a great story-teller and nothing is better to learn or reflect on different issues than seeing the application of solutions, skills or techniques in stories, real stories. Some of the ones in the book came from Abraham Lincoln, Benjamin Franklin, Roosevelt, Rockefeller, several American generals… and many others were stories from lay people like you and me.

I remember that one of my teachers in the MBA used to say “70% of your work within a company is just human relationships; and precisely that is not taught anywhere”.

The skill to deal with other humans effectively is so important that, as Dale Carnegie tells in the book, Charles Schwab was the first person to earn a million dollars a year (when 2.500$ a year was considered a good salary), when he was picked by Andrew Carnegie (no relation) to become the first president of United States Steel company in 1921… Why? As Charles put it: “I consider my ability to arouse enthusiasm among my people the greatest asset I possess, and the way to develop the best that is in a person is by appreciation and encouragement”. (We may argue whether he indeed deserved a salary hundreds of times higher than the average… I already discussed this when I commented other book in this blog).

Now, I leave you the different principles that Carnegie offers to improve your effectiveness when dealing with people (a rare animal indeed!), reflect on them:

Fundamental techniques in handling people:

  1. Don’t criticize, condemn or complain.
  2. Give honest and sincere appreciation.
  3. Arouse in the other person an eager want.

Six ways to make people like you:

  1. Become genuinely interested in other people.
  2. Smile.
  3. Remember that a person’s name is to that person the sweetest and most important sound in any language.
  4. Be a good listener. Encourage others to talk about themselves.
  5. Talk in terms of the other person’s interests.
  6. Make the other person feel important – and do it sincerely.

Win people to your way of thinking:

  1. The only way to get the best of an argument is to avoid it.
  2. Show respect for the other person’s opinions. Never say “You’re wrong”.
  3. If you are wrong, admit it quickly and emphatically.
  4. Begin in a friendly way.
  5. Get the other person saying “yes, yes” immediately.
  6. Let the other person do a great deal of the talking.
  7. Let the other person feel that the idea is his or hers.
  8. Try honestly to see things from the other person’s point of view.
  9. Be sympathetic with the other person’s ideas and desires.
  10. Appeal to the nobler motives.
  11. Dramatize your ideas.
  12. Throw down a challenge.

Be a leader:

  1. Begin with praise and hones appreciation.
  2. Call attention to people’s mistakes indirectly.
  3. Talk about your own mistakes before criticizing the other person.
  4. Ask questions instead of giving direct orders.
  5. Let the other person save face.
  6. Praise the slightest improvement and praise every improvement. Be “hearty in your approbation and lavish in your praise”.
  7. Give the other person a fine reputation to live up to.
  8. Use encouragement. Make the fault seem easy to correct.
  9. Make the other person happy about doing the thing you suggest.

“Obvious…” This is one thought that may come to our mind when reading some of these statements. However, we’re not acting in that way every day, being as obvious as they may be – thus getting the results we get…

I encourage you to read the book (~260 pgs.) and see in those stories many examples applicable to yourself; daily situations in which to apply those principles.

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Filed under Books, Education, Personal development

The cost of flying low

Last 12th October, I came from Amsterdam to Madrid by plane. That day there was an air controllers strike in France. While flying, the pilot commented that the company had tried to re-route the flight in order not to lose the slot it had, this proved almost impossible so what they did was to fly at a lower level. The pilot explained that this was very “costly as the engines consume much more” at that lower level.

How much more? How costly was this measure? I wanted to check it out, and some weeks later I have made the numbers that I show here.

We flew in an Airbus A321. Since it was the early flight in the morning I assume it carried maximum fuel and the weight was limited by Maximum Landing Weight (75.5 tonnes, MLW), so the takeoff weight would be the MLW plus the fuel weight we would consume in the flight, in the order of 5,500 kg (an average of 2,400 kg/hour according to some operators). Thus I used a takeoff weight of ~81,000 kg.

When flying at a lower level, the air density is higher and this increases drag. Normally, planes in this route fly at ~ 33,000 ft or ~ 10,000 m. What flight level did we use? This I don’t know, so I took the worst situation: say we flew at FL210, or 21,000 ft (~ 6,400 m). We can find at the chart the Standard Atmosphere and see the difference in density at both altitudes (~ 0.53ρ0 compared to ~ 0.33ρ0).

 

Flight levels, image from Wikipedia.

 

 

Standard Atmosphere, image from Wikipedia.

 

Using the Breguet range equation, all other things being equal (same distance, same aircraft, same weight at the departure…), we can relate the weights and densities of the initial flight plan the company had and the one used after trying to re-route.

 

Breguet range equation.

 

The result I got is that by flying at FL210 instead of FL330 the aircraft would have consumed over 1,400 kg of fuel more, a whole 26% more.

I checked the prices for fuel at IATA (International Air Transport Association) and at the moment is 746$/mt. The 1,400 kg of extra fuel would cost about 1,050$ (~ 760€), or about 4.2€ more per passenger (assuming we were around 180 passengers).

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Moving to France

 

My one-way ticket to France.

 

By now, most of you (family, friends and colleagues) know about it, this is mainly for those who did not.

I am starting there sometime in December.

You are invited to pay a visit.

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My first visit to Poland (EADS PZL)

PZL (Państwowe Zakłady Lotnicze – State Aviation Works) was the main aircraft manufacturer in Poland. With the fall of communism, the company was divided and some years ago Airbus Military acquired for EADS part of it, which since then is called EADS PZL.

This week I visited EADS PZL facilities both in Warsaw (where they produce C-295 outer wings, most of Airbus Military electrical harnesses, PZL-130 Orlik trainer airplane…) and Mielec (where the aviation services unit is located) in which was my first visit to Poland ever.

Frankly, I found Warsaw a quite nice place to live even though we could visit the old town only by night. We especially liked the couple of good restaurants we visited: Fukier (apparently the restaurant of choice of Felipe Gonzalez, Madeleine Albright, Naomi Campbell and us, of course) and U Kucharcy (where traditional Polish food is cooked in between the tables where customers are seated).

EADS PZL ZUA, the aviation services unit in the South of Poland (Mielec) operates dozens of aircraft in fire fighting and agriculture missions in places ranging from Sudan, Iran, Egypt, Chile… This unit is made up of a different class of people; adventurous pilots and mechanics that learn a language in few weeks and off they go to their next assignment in another corner of the world living by the aircraft in tents at ad-hoc built “bases” close to forests. Enjoy this video of a PZL M-18 Dromader in a demonstration flight:

I loved this visit. It was impressive to see the tens of Antonov 2 and PZL Dromaders, and we were offered a flight around the skies of Mielec in a Piper Seneca V, which I had the chance of piloting for a while.

To my fellow EADS workers: if you have the chance of spending some time working for PZL, do not doubt it, go for it.

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Airbus Military private party

Last time I went to the night disco “Kapital” was some years ago, yesterday I went again as my company, Airbus Military, organized a private party for its engineers (with about 1,000 people attending) to celebrate the recent certifications of the A330 MRTT (multi role tanker transport) and the C-295 anti-submarine warfare (ASW).

“Madam, if a thing is possible, consider it done; the impossible? That will be done”, this quote from Charles Alexandre, vicomte de Calonne, was used by Javier Matallanos, Airbus Military Senior Vice President of Programmes, to describe what it is being done at the company in the last years. As he stated, we, in Airbus Military, have launched recently the first air-to-air refuelling aircraft in the history of Europe  and the only anti-submarine warfare aircraft in the last 40 years in Europe (he quoted the only other European attempt, UK’s Nimrod, which has ended in a cancellation as I posted some months ago, the previous programme is the Breguet Atlantic).

Both Matallanos and Miguel Angel Morell, SVP of Engineering and Technology, thanked families and partners of Airbus Military workers for their continuous support: “be proud of your partners, please, know that they are exceptional people as they are used to do the impossible and these examples (MRTT and ASW) we are celebrating today are only two of the many we could give account”.

Finally, even though at the time of the speeches the presence of the CEO of the company, Domingo Ureña, was excused due to personal reasons (aside of closing the A400M negotiation in the same day), the CEO indeed appeared at about 23:00 as we saw him at the fifth floor.

My kudos to the person who had the idea of organizing this event and to the ones carrying it forward. I look forward to some more initiatives like this in the future.

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Writing without using “e”

About a month ago I said that on occasions you would find a post which original motivation would link to Plinky; a portal that throws away thoughts for blog posts… this is a post of that kind.

Plinky, calls for writing a small story of 100 words without using a non-consonant you saw in an old post that was just most common in this linguistic communication I am using in my blog. Now, I am at about four fifths of finishing this task; I just lack two strings of words to bring this post to a final and assuaging: This was tough!

… off to a following post :-).

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Fomentar la Mentalidad Analítica vs. Fomentar la Creatividad

Ayer acudí a una jornada de Formación Continua dentro del ciclo “Management para Emprendedores” de la Escuela de Organización Industrial (EOI). La sesión trataba el asunto “Fomentar la Mentalidad Analítica vs. Fomentar la Creatividad”.

De esta jornada quería destacar el barrido funcional de una empresa que hizo el invitado Carlos Espinosa desde esta perspectiva. Intento aquí recuperar la tabla que expuso él:

 

Barrido funcional: Creativo vs. Analítico.

 

Por último, el profesor, Andrés Fernández Romero, terminó la clase explicando la “parálisis ante una respuesta esperada” de una forma apoteósica; usando el ejemplo de cómo medir la altura de un edificio con un barómetro…

Sir Ernest Rutherford, presidente de la Sociedad Real Británica y Premio Nobel de Química en 1908, contaba la siguiente anécdota: Hace algún tiempo, recibí la llamada de un colega. Estaba a punto de poner un cero a un estudiante por la respuesta que había dado en un problema de física, pese a que éste afirmaba con rotundidad que su respuesta era absolutamente acertada.

Profesores y estudiantes acordaron pedir arbitraje de alguien imparcial y fui elegido yo. Leo la pregunta del examen y decía: “Demuestre cómo es posible determinar la altura de un edificio con la ayuda de un barómetro”.

El estudiante había respondido: “Lleva el barómetro a la azotea del edificio y átale una cuerda muy larga. Descuélgalo hasta la base del edificio, marca y mide. La longitud de la cuerda es igual a la longitud del edificio”.

Realmente, el estudiante había planteado un serio problema con la resolución del ejercicio, porque había respondido a la pregunta correcta y completamente. Por otro lado, si se le concedía la máxima puntuación, podría alterar el promedio de sus de estudios, obtener una nota más alta y así certificar su alto nivel en física; pero la respuesta no confirmaba que el estudiante tuviera ese nivel.

Sugerí que se le diera al alumno otra oportunidad. Le concedí seis minutos para que me respondiera la misma pregunta pero esta vez con la advertencia de que en la respuesta debía demostrar sus conocimientos de física. Habían pasado cinco minutos y el estudiante no había escrito nada. Le pregunté si deseaba marcharse, pero me contesto que tenia muchas respuestas al problema. Su dificultad era elegir la mejor de todas. Me excuse por interrumpirle y le rogué que continuara.

En el minuto que le quedaba escribió la siguiente respuesta: “Coge el barometro y déjalo caer al suelo desde la azotea del edificio, calcula el tiempo de caída con un cronómetro. Después se aplica la formula altura = 0,5 por g por T al cuadrado. Y así obtenemos la altura del edificio”. En este punto le pregunté a mi colega si el estudiante se podía retirar. Le dió la nota más alta.

Tras abandonar el despacho, me reencontré con el estudiante y le pedí que me contara sus otras respuestas a la pregunta. Bueno, respondió, hay muchas maneras, por ejemplo, coges el barómetro en un día soleado y mides la altura del barómetro y la longitud de su sombra. Si medimos a continuación la longitud de la sombra del edificio y aplicamos una simple proporción, obtendremos también la altura del edificio.

Perfecto, le dije, ¿y de otra manera? Sí, contestó; éste es un procedimiento muy básico para medir un edificio, pero también sirve. En este método, coges el barómetro y te sitúas en las escaleras del edificio en la planta baja. Según subes las escaleras, vas marcando en la pared la altura del barómetro y cuentas el número de marcas hasta la azotea. Multiplicas al final la altura del barómetro por el número de marcas que has hecho y ya tienes la altura. Éste es un método muy directo. Por supuesto, si lo que quieres es un procedimiento más sofisticado, puedes atar el barómetro a una cuerda y moverlo como si fuera un péndulo. Dado que cuando el barómetro está a la altura de la azotea la velocidad es cero y si tenemos en cuenta la medida de la aceleración de la gravedad, al descender el barómetro en trayectoria circular al pasar por la perpendicular del edificio, de la diferencia de estos valores, y aplicando una sencilla formula trigonométrica, podríamos calcular, sin duda, la altura del edificio.

En este mismo estilo de sistema, atas el barómetro a una cuerda y lo descuelgas desde la azotea a la calle. Usándolo como un péndulo puedes calcular la altura midiendo su período de precesión. En fin, concluyó, existen otras muchas maneras. Probablemente, siguió, la mejor sea coger el barómetro y golpear con él la puerta de la casa del conserje. Cuando abra, decirle: señor conserje, aquí tengo un bonito barómetro. Si usted me dice la altura de este edificio, se lo regalo.

En este momento de la conversación, le pregunté si no conocía la respuesta convencional al problema (la diferencia de presión marcada por un barómetro en dos lugares diferentes nos proporciona la diferencia de altura entre ambos lugares). Evidentemente, dijo que la conocía, pero que durante sus estudios sus profesores habían intentado enseñarle a pensar. El estudiante se llamaba Niels Bohr, físico danés, premio Nobel de Física en 1922, más conocido por ser el primero en proponer el modelo de átomo con protones y neutrones y los electrones que lo rodeaban. Fue fundamentalmente un innovador de la teoría cuántica. Al margen del personaje, lo divertido y curioso de la anécdota, lo esencial de esta historia, es que LE HABÍAN ENSEÑADO A PENSAR.”

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Venture Capital & Crowdfunding

I started giving loans through Kiva almost two years ago. About at the same time, after gathering some savings, I started investing again in the stock market.

Last month, I attended TEDxMadrid, where Nicolás Alcalá explained how a movie he and his team are working on (“El Cosmonauta”) will be financed through crowdfunding. I then discussed with a friend that precisely I was looking for a similar approach, but applied to general businesses: a kind of Kiva for for-profit start-ups.

Subsequently, I first found Kickstarter about a month ago through Fred Wilson (@fredwilson). However, in Kickstarter the funders of projects are not entitled to equity in the venture nor a share of the future profits. The funders get some merchandising or recognition for the helping hand they have given, depending on the amount they have invested.

Then I found GrowVC.

From what I gathered, this is more or less what I was looking for: a way to invest some small amount of cash (~1,000$ a year) together with other funders into a larger pool that will act as a Venture Capital operation, sharing the future profits of the business that was funded.

With this post I wanted to share these initiatives with you and also to explain what I was looking for. Now, let me throw an open question to readers: anyone knows a similar concept that I may be interested in? If so, please, let me know.

(Bear in mind that I haven’t got, yet, hundreds of thousands of Euros to invest following this approach… the larger part is invested in a much more Graham-like defensive approach)

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