Category Archives: Aerospace & Defence

Airbus vs Boeing; market capitalization since the A320neo launch (2010-2026)

In March 2024 I wrote a quick post comparing the market capitalizations of Airbus and Boeing, when I realized that Airbus had overtaken Boeing. That post compared two snapshots in time: end of 2012 and March 2024. This post shows the figures for the complete period of time since the launch of the A320neo, on December 1st, 2010, until the end of October 2026: weekly stock prices, shares outstanding, the dollar-euro exchange rate, and the resulting market capitalizations in US dollars.

Methodology in short: weekly averages of daily closing prices (Friday-ending weeks), Airbus in euros at Euronext Paris (AIR.PA), Boeing in dollars at NYSE (BA), and the FRED DEXUSEU dollar-per-euro rate. Market capitalization each week is price times shares outstanding (times the exchange rate for Airbus). Shares outstanding are forward-filled from reported figures, so early years are approximate. Sources are listed at the end.

Stock prices

Weekly average stock prices of Airbus (EUR, left axis) and Boeing (USD, right axis) since December 2010

Airbus went from ~13.9€ in early December 2010 to ~193€ at the end of October 2026: multiplied by 14 (~18% compounded annual growth rate).

Boeing went from ~$53 to ~$174: multiplied by 3.3 (~7.8% CAGR).

Boeing peaked above $400 in early 2019, just before the 737 MAX grounding, and has never recovered those levels. Airbus suffered a milder COVID dip and resumed climbing to record levels above 200€ in 2026.

Shares outstanding

Weekly shares outstanding of Airbus and Boeing, forward-filled, since December 2010

Two opposite stories.

  • Airbus kept its share count roughly flat: ~816 million in late 2010, ~791 million today.
  • Boeing went from ~745 million down to ~545 million by November 2019 through share buybacks, and then back up to ~792 million after the capital raises of the last years. Boeing has today more shares outstanding than when the period started. More on this below.

Dollar-euro exchange rate

Weekly average USD per EUR exchange rate since December 2010

The euro went from ~1.32 dollars in December 2010 to ~1.12 at the end of October 2026, with a dip below parity in 2022. As Airbus reports in euros, the weaker euro weighs on the comparison in dollars: at a constant 2010 exchange rate, Airbus’ market capitalization in dollars would be about 15% higher than shown.

Market capitalization in US dollars

Weekly average market capitalization in USD billions of Airbus and Boeing since December 2010

This is the chart that puts it all together.

  • In early December 2010 Boeing’s market cap was ~$39bn versus ~$15bn for Airbus: Boeing was 2.6 times bigger.
  • Boeing peaked at ~$239bn in March 2019, weeks before the MAX grounding.
  • The first weekly close with Airbus above Boeing came in May 2022, and Airbus has been continuously ahead since late June 2026.
  • On 30 October 2026 Airbus stood at ~$171bn versus ~$138bn for Boeing, about 24% higher.
  • Averaged over the whole 16-year period Boeing was still the bigger company (~$113bn vs ~$75bn), which gives a sense of how large Boeing’s historical advantage was and how remarkable the reversal is.

Boeing share repurchases and dilution

As a final note of the 2024 post I left a link to a Leeham News and Analysis article with a contrarian view of Boeing’s stock buybacks. Its table of the 2013-2019 repurchase program is worth keeping here, now with the full historical context:

YearShares repurchased (millions)Value ($bn)
201325.42.8
201446.66.0
201546.76.8
201655.17.0
201746.19.2
201826.19.0
20196.92.7
Total252.943.5

The buybacks cut Boeing’s share count from ~745 million in 2010 to ~545 million by November 2019. Then came the 737 MAX grounding, the pandemic, the debt pile-up, and in October 2024, in the middle of a machinists’ strike, Boeing issued 129.4 million new shares at $143 (raising ~$18.2bn) plus $5bn of mandatory convertible preferred shares, as detailed in its SEC filings. The result: ~792 million shares outstanding today, more than before the buybacks began. The reduction that $43.5bn bought has been fully reversed, and then some.


Data sources

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El tren vive del contribuyente, el avión del pasajero: las cuentas del transporte en España

En estos días siguientes al terrible siniestro entre dos trenes de alta velocidad en Urda, varios opinadores señalaron a la liberalización del ferrocarril como una de las causas originarias debido al mayor uso de las vías, que haría más complicado su mantenimiento. Para rebatir esa línea argumental, en la red social X / Twitter, el profesor de la Universidad de las Hespérides Santiago Calvo publicó esta gráfica que muestra el todavía discreto uso de las vías de ferrocarril en España:

Pero esa discusión pública y otros comentarios, me sugirieron las siguientes preguntas: ¿Cómo de liberalizado está el sector del ferrocarril? ¿Cómo se compara con la aviación? ¿Cuánto dinero del contribuyente reciben unos y otros? ¿Qué incentivos hay?

Con la ayuda de los agentes de inteligencia artificial Grok e Instinct he preparado este post para ver algunos números que den respuesta a esas preguntas.

¿Cuánto dinero público reciben las grandes empresas públicas del transporte en España? Adif, Adif Alta Velocidad, Renfe, ENAIRE y Aena, de dónde vienen sus ingresos, cuáles ganan dinero y cuáles lo pierden. La respuesta, una vez vistos los datos de 2025, resulta incómoda para los defensores de la gestión pública: el ferrocarril se sostiene con miles de millones de euros de los contribuyentes cada año, mientras el sector aéreo se autofinancia por completo e incluso devuelve beneficios y dividendos al Estado. Lo público frente al mercado.

Quién es quién: propiedad y estructura

Las cinco empresas son públicas o de mayoría pública, pero con modelos muy distintos. Adif y Adif AV (Alta Velocidad) son entidades públicas empresariales del Ministerio de Transportes; Renfe y ENAIRE, sociedades mercantiles estatales; y Aena cotiza en Bolsa desde 2015, aunque el Estado conserva el 51 % a través de ENAIRE:

Del 49 % de Aena que está en manos privadas, los principales accionistas declarados hoy son el fondo activista TCI (The Children’s Investment Fund), con en torno al 6 % del capital total y BlackRock, que superó el 4 % en julio de 2025; el resto es free float repartido entre inversores institucionales y minoristas sin participaciones significativas declaradas. Los porcentajes son sobre el capital total (no sobre el 49 %) y corresponden a las últimas declaraciones de participaciones significativas a la CNMV recogidas en prensa en 2025.

EmpresaActividadPropiedadResultado 2025
AdifRed ferroviaria convencional100 % EstatalPérdidas: 83 M€
Adif Alta VelocidadRed de alta velocidad100 % EstatalPérdidas: 193 M€
RenfeTrenes de viajeros y mercancías100 % EstatalBeneficio: 60 M€
ENAIRENavegación aérea100 % EstatalBeneficio: 888 M€
AenaAeropuertos51 % Estado (ENAIRE); 49 % en Bolsa (TCI ~6 % y BlackRock >4 % del capital; resto, free float)Beneficio: 2.137 M€

¿E Iberia? La aerolínea de bandera dejó de ser pública hace 25 años: la privatización se decidió en 1997, en 1999 entraron socios industriales (British Airways entre ellos) y en abril de 2001 salió a Bolsa a 1,19 euros por acción. En 2011 se fusionó con British Airways para crear el grupo IAG (International Airlines Group) cuyo mayor accionista es hoy Qatar Airways, con un 25,1 %. Curiosamente, para preservar la nacionalidad española de Iberia (y sus derechos de tráfico), el 50,1 % de los derechos de voto de la aerolínea está en manos de Garanair, sociedad vinculada a El Corte Inglés. Iberia da beneficios y recibe regularmente premios por su puntualidad.

El ferrocarril: sostenido con miles de millones del presupuesto

El grueso de los ingresos del ferrocarril tienen como origen el bolsillo del contribuyente, por dos vías:

1. Los convenios con Adif y Adif AV. En julio de 2021 el Ministerio de Transportes firmó sendos convenios de sostenibilidad por los que ambas entidades percibirían 12.764 millones de euros entre 2021 y 2025: 8.747 millones para Adif (de ellos 2.539 de fondos europeos Next Generation) y 4.017 millones para Adif AV (2.154 de Next Generation). En la práctica, y según los datos de las cuentas anuales de 2025 depositadas en el Registro de la Intervención General de la Administración del Estado (cifras aún pendientes de contraste con las cuentas oficiales definitivas), solo en 2025 Adif recibió 2.468 millones de euros de dinero público (259 de subvenciones de explotación y el resto de capital para inversiones y aportaciones del accionista) frente a 633 millones que ingresó por su actividad; Adif AV recibió 1.257 millones frente a 789 millones de ingresos por cánones. Ambas pierden dinero: Adif cerró 2025 con 83 millones de pérdidas (el beneficio de 384 millones de 2024 vino de la venta de los terrenos de Madrid Nuevo Norte) y Adif AV con 193 millones, casi el doble que el año anterior, lastrada por una deuda de unos 18.300 millones que, tarde o temprano, pagarán entre todos los contribuyentes. Ninguna empresa privada podría operar así durante años sin que nadie responda por ello; en el sector público, en cambio, el agujero se cubre con el siguiente convenio.

2. Las compensaciones a Renfe por el servicio público. Cercanías, Media Distancia y Avant no se cubren con la venta de billetes: en 2025 esos servicios vendieron títulos por 532 millones y el déficit se paga con compensaciones de las administraciones. En total, Renfe contabilizó en 2025 1.851 millones de euros en subvenciones de explotación, que incluyen las compensaciones por las Obligaciones de Servicio Público del Estado y de la Generalitat de Cataluña y las bonificaciones de los abonos gratuitos. Gracias a ello, el grupo volvió a beneficios en 2025 por primera vez desde 2019: ganó 60,2 millones con unos ingresos totales de 4.480 millones, gracias sobre todo a los servicios comerciales de alta velocidad y larga distancia. El contrato-programa con el Estado sigue vigente hasta 2027, con compensaciones máximas de unos 916 millones al año.

El avión: un modelo que se autofinancia

La aviación funciona justo al revés: no vive del presupuesto, sino que aporta dinero al Estado. Y esto es porque hay una mayor liberalización, con multitud de empresas en competencia, lo que cambia por completo los incentivos: cuando una empresa (incluidas las públicas) se financia con lo que pagan sus usuarios, gestiona bien; cuando se financia con lo que paga el contribuyente, no tiene por qué hacerlo.

Aena se financia con las tasas aeroportuarias que pagan las aerolíneas y con sus ingresos comerciales (tiendas, restauración, aparcamientos). En 2025 ingresó 6.379 millones de euros y ganó 2.137 millones, un 10,5 % más que en 2024, con un EBITDA de 3.785 millones. Sus grandes inversiones (el plan DORA) salen del propio sistema aeroportuario, no de los Presupuestos Generales del Estado. Además, como el Estado conserva el 51 % a través de ENAIRE, la mayor parte de sus crecientes dividendos vuelven al Tesoro. No es casualidad que la gran empresa pública de transporte que funciona sea justo la que tiene un 49 % de capital privado en Bolsa que vigila sus cuentas cada trimestre. Sus subvenciones de explotación de 2025 fueron de 0,5 millones de euros; eso sí, conserva en balance 241,8 millones netos de subvenciones de capital concedidas históricamente, de las que imputa a resultados unos 25 millones al año.

ENAIRE, el gestor de navegación aérea, cobra tasas de ruta a las aerolíneas que cruzan el espacio aéreo español: 1.015 millones de euros en 2025, en torno al 85 % de sus ingresos. Es rentable: ganó 887,5 millones en 2025, de los que 737 vienen del dividendo de Aena, que acaba así en las cuentas públicas. Y apenas recibe dinero del Estado: 13 millones de subvenciones cobradas en 2025 (33,3 en 2024), principalmente fondos europeos MRR para modernización.

Las aerolíneas: el mercado que sí tiene competencia

Si el tren de alta velocidad tiene tres operadores (con sólo dos privados no pertenecientes al Estado español, Iryo (51% estado italiano, 25% Air Nostrum) y Ouigo (100% perteneciente a SNCF, ferrocarril estatal francés)), el cielo español es justo lo contrario: 180 aerolíneas operaron en el mercado español entre enero y diciembre de 2025, según la coyuntura del Ministerio de Transportes, y movieron 272 millones de pasajeros en vuelos comerciales (regulares y chárter; se cuentan las compañías con más de 1.000 pasajeros al año). Sólo 17 eran españolas, y transportaron 90,9 millones (el 33 % del total, un punto menos que en 2024); las 73 extranjeras comunitarias movieron 130 millones (el 48 %) y las 90 extracomunitarias, 51 millones (el 19 %).

Top 10 aerolíneas en España 2025 en millones de pasajeros: Ryanair 60,7; Vueling 34,0; Iberia 19,4; Air Europa 12,6; Jet2.com 10,3; easyJet 9,3; easyJet Europe 8,2; Eurowings 8,0; Iberia Express 6,7; Air Nostrum 6,1. En azul oscuro las españolas, en azul claro las extranjeras.
Las diez aerolíneas con más pasajeros en el mercado español en 2025, por compañía operadora (no por grupo). Fuente: Ministerio de Transportes.

Las cinco primeras concentran la mitad del mercado: Ryanair lidera con 60,7 millones de pasajeros (+5,9 %), seguida de Vueling (34,0), Iberia (19,4), Air Europa (12,6) y Jet2.com (10,3). El ranking va por compañía operadora, no por grupo: easyJet y easyJet Europe aparecen por separado (sumadas serían cuartas, con 17,5 millones), igual que Iberia, Iberia Express y Air Nostrum forman parte del mismo grupo, IAG. La mitad de la tabla es española —Vueling, Iberia, Air Europa, Iberia Express y Air Nostrum— pero el líder destacado es irlandés. Es lo que tiene un mercado abierto y competitivo: precios bajos, récord de viajeros y empresas que se financian con lo que pagan sus clientes, no con el presupuesto.

Las ayudas del COVID: ¿se han devuelto?

Alguno podría argumentar “las aerolíneas también recibieron dinero durante la crisis del COVID” (cuando fueron impactadas por las prohibiciones y restricciones al transporte aéreo).

Durante la pandemia el Estado creó el fondo FASEE (Fondo de Apoyo a la Solvencia de Empresas Estratégicas, gestionado por la SEPI), que prestó 2.681 millones a empresas estratégicas, sobre todo aerolíneas privadas. Eran préstamos, no subvenciones, y se están devolviendo: Air Europa acaba de amortizar sus 475 millones (casi 500 con intereses) un año antes de lo previsto, y en total el fondo ya ha recuperado 1.425 millones, el 53 % de lo prestado.

Iberia y Vueling ni siquiera recibieron fondos del Estado, sino que suscribieron una serie de préstamos con distintos bancos privados (Santander, CaixaBank, Bankia, Bankinter, BBVA…) por valor de 1,010 millones de euros con aval del ICO (Instituto de Crédito Oficial). Esos préstamos se podían ir devolviendo hasta 2026, pero fueron amortizados en 2023, tres años antes de lo previsto.

Distinto es el caso de los fondos europeos Next Generation: son subvenciones a fondo perdido para inversiones, no hay nada que devolver, y sus principales receptores en el sector son precisamente Adif y Adif AV, con unos 4.700 millones previstos dentro de sus convenios.

La diferencia de fondo es elocuente: a las aerolíneas privadas se les prestó dinero que deben devolver, y lo están devolviendo; al ferrocarril público se le transfiere a fondo perdido, año tras año, sin fecha de caducidad ni obligación de rendir cuentas comparables. (La Fiscalía Europea investiga los fondos Next Gen)

Ferrocarril vs aviación, en tres métricas

Pedí a Instinct elaborar una gráfica con la proporción de ingresos “públicos” y “privados” de cada empresa, pero ese desglose no existe de forma comparable en sus cuentas: Adif no separa qué parte de sus cánones paga Renfe (pública) u Ouigo o iryo (privadas), Aena no distingue clientes públicos de privados, e “ingreso propio” no equivale a “ingreso privado” (las tasas de Aena y ENAIRE son cargas reguladas que fija la Administración, no precios de mercado puros). Lo que las cinco sí publican con criterios razonablemente parecidos (aunque no idénticos: unas son cuentas individuales y otras consolidadas, como indica el pie) es cuánto dinero público reciben al año, cuánto venden y cuánto ganan o pierden:

Tres paneles: financiación pública recibida en 2025 (Adif 2.468 M€, Renfe 1.905 M€, Adif AV 1.257 M€, ENAIRE 13 M€, Aena 0,5 M€), cifra de negocio 2025 (Aena 6.379 M€, Renfe 2.207 M€, ENAIRE 1.192 M€, Adif AV 789 M€, Adif 633 M€) y resultado neto 2025 (Aena 2.137 M€, ENAIRE 888 M€, Renfe 60 M€, Adif -83 M€, Adif AV -193 M€).
Financiación pública, ventas y resultado en 2025, en millones de euros. Las cifras ferroviarias del registro IGAE están pendientes de contraste oficial. Fuentes y perímetros en el pie de la imagen y en la sección de fuentes.

Tres lecturas:

  • Primera: la financiación pública se concentra en el ferrocarril; Adif, Adif AV y Renfe recibieron juntas unos 5.600 millones en 2025 (suma de tres transferencias estatales distintas, según los datos del registro aún pendientes de contraste oficial), mientras Aena y ENAIRE apenas registran subvenciones.
  • Segunda: la cifra de negocio aéreo supera con mucho a la del ferroviario.
  • Tercera: los resultados cierran el círculo; Aena y ENAIRE ganan dinero mientras Adif y Adif AV pierden 83 y 193 millones respectivamente.

En Adif y Adif AV la mayor parte del dinero público son subvenciones de capital que financian obras de la red, no gasto corriente; en AENA las obras en infraestructuras las paga el propio negocio. El tren es deficitario porque el legislador decidió que Cercanías y Media Distancia se presten como servicio público a precios que no cubren sus costes, igual que decidió que aeropuertos y navegación aérea se paguen con tasas a los usuarios. Las cifras exactas, con su documento y perímetro, están en las fuentes.

Ahora bien, mi lectura es la contraria a la conclusión de algunos opinadores: si hubiera más liberalización y no menos, las empresas (incluidas las públicas) del sector estarían mejor gestionadas y el sector florecería. Que el Estado decida financiar el ferrocarril es una mala idea pero legítima; lo que no lo es es que lo haga sin exigirle ni la disciplina ni la transparencia que el mercado impone al aéreo. Aena rinde cuentas cada trimestre ante accionistas privados y gana 2.137 millones; Adif AV acumula 18.300 millones de deuda sin que nadie responda por ella. Donde el AVE tiene competencia (Ouigo, iryo), el viajero ha ganado opciones y Renfe ha tenido que espabilar (y aún así compárese con la competencia del sector aéreo, incluido cómo compañías como Wizz y Ryanair acuden al rescate para conectar Madrid con Andalucía cuando se interrumpe el servicio ferroviario); donde no la hay, el contribuyente paga y calla. La pregunta que deberíamos hacernos no es cuánto más dinero público necesita el tren, sino por qué seguimos pagándolo sin exigirle las mismas reglas del juego que hacen viable al avión.


Fuentes:

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Top 20 airlines’ 2025 net profit as a proportion of the overall industry

The year 2025 was the best ever in terms of consolidated economics results for the air transportation industry according to IATA (International Air Transport Association). Last June 2026 they presented their report “Global Outlook for Air Transport” which is released every six months.

Some key figures to retain:

  • 38.9 million flights in 2025
  • 9,520 billion RPK (revenue passenger kilometre)
  • 4,966 million passenger-segments
  • 1,065 bn$ revenues
  • 45.0bn$ net profit

See the charts they published with the complete figures:

IATA summary of key passenger traffic metrics, June 2026
IATA Industry statistics, June 2026
IATA Global airline EBIT evolution, June 2026

Recently I read about the results of some major airlines and wondered what proportion of the consolidated results shown by IATA come from the top 20 airlines.

IATA represents over 370 airlines which account for ~85% of the global traffic. For their reports, IATA extrapolates the figures to cover for the non members to produce figures of the overall industry.

The top 20 airlines make up for ~5% of the airlines however they achieve ~70% of the cumulative 2025 net profits, according to the chart below I asked Grok to compute.

2025 net profits by top 20 airlines

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Robin DR400 aircraft wooden frame

The Robin DR400 is a single engine piston aircraft very popular in France, with well over 2,000 units produced since its first version first flew back in the 1970s. That is the aircraft model I fly in the aeroclub and in this post I just wanted to share a few details about its construction, materials and a couple of pictures.

Pierre Robin founded the company Centre-Est Aéronautique in 1957 in Darois (France) together with the engineer Jean Délémontez at the time working for Jodel, from whom he took the wing dihedral. It is from their initials that comes the “DR”. Over the years the company first changed its name for Avions Pierre Robin, then it was sold… today the aircraft production is made together by Robin Aircraft and Centre-Est Aéronautique Pierre Robin (CEAPR).

In their website they explain the history of the DR400, first produced in 1972, and have a series of very interesting articles (in French) describing how they select and prepare the wood for their aircraft, how they build the wooden structure of the wings, how they build the wooden fuselage, how the wing skin is made out of a fabric produced by Diatex stapled to the frame (the craftsmen working on the fabric), the metallic parts of the plane… you read it well, a big share of the airframe is built out of wood and fabric, and this is to enable its light weight, between 615 and 630kg of manufacturer weight empty.

Recently, one of our aeroclub’s DR400s has gone through heavy maintenance, replacing the fabric and several parts and equipment. At the end of the process we received the pictures below of the wooden airframe:

Wing wooden structure
Fuselage wooden structure

Below you can see how the wing looks in flight, with the wooden structure covered by the fabric and how the lower pressure in the upper wing pulls up the fabric of the wing.

Wing in flight
Wing in flight
Dimensions of the DR400 as described in the Airplane Flight Manual

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Boeing vs. Airbus: CEO compensation (2025)

This post is to compare the compensation of Airbus and Boeing CEOs, with the recently published information of 2025 fiscal year, to have a record of the evolution (1) and for quick reference in different conversations.

As both Boeing and Airbus are public companies, the information about their CEOs compensation is public and can be found in the annual report and proxy statement from each one. I just share the information and sources below for comparison and future reference.

Airbus CEO, Guillaume Faury’s 2025 compensation (financial statements here, PDF, 2.1 MB, page 50):

Airbus CEO Guillaume Faury 2025 compensation.

Faury had his base salary increased by 5% to 1.56M€ (which had been frozen in previous years and still at the level of 10 years ago). Variable pay increased by 62% to 2.74M€, post-employment benefit costs slightly decreased, share-based remuneration increased by 49% to 3.15M€ and social charges and other benefits slightly changed. Thus, the overall compensation at 10.12M€ increased 27% vs 2024 level (7.99M€) thanks mainly to the variable pay and share-based remuneration.

Boeing CEO, Robert Kelly Ortberg’s 2025 compensation (2026 proxy statement here, page 69):

Boeing’s CEO Robert Kelly Ortberg 2025 compensation.

Robert Kelly Ortberg had a base salary of 1.5M$ (up from 1.3M$ in 2023 for David Calhoun), received 17.5M$ in stocks and options based awards (9% up vs 2024), other 3.9M$ in non-equity incentive plan compensation and another 0.65M$ compensation item. The 2025 total compensation was 23.58M$, up from 2024 level but still below the 32.77M$ that Calhoun received in 2023.

Comparison. It is interesting to note that while the base salary is nearly the same in both companies, ~ 1.5 m€, the much higher stock based incentive schemes at Boeing pushed up the total remuneration for the CEO to about twice (x2.01) the one in Airbus.


(1) See the previous comparisons for the years 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017 and 2024.

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Boeing vs. Airbus: CEO compensation (2024)

For some years of the past decade (2013 to 2017), I wrote a small series of yearly posts comparing the compensation of Airbus and Boeing CEOs (1). This series started out of conversation with colleagues and I kept it updated to have a record of the evolution and for quick reference in other conversations. I then stopped the series. This post is just an update with the information for the 2024 fiscal year.

Many things happened in the industry in those 7 years (2017 to 2024), but if we focus just on the CEOs from both companies: Tom Enders was replaced by Guillaume Faury at the helm of Airbus; at Boeing, Dennis Muilenburg was replaced by David Calhoun who then left the place for Robert Kelly Ortberg.

As both Boeing and Airbus are public companies, the information about their CEOs compensation is public and can be found in the annual report and proxy statement from each one. I just share the information and sources below for comparison and future reference.

Airbus CEO, Guillaume Faury’s 2024 compensation (financial statements here, PDF, 2.7 MB, page 59):

Airbus CEO Guillaume Faury 2024 compensation.

Faury had his base salary frozen in relation to 2024 at 1.485M€  (which is lower than Enders’ one at 1.5 M€ in 2017). Variable pay decreased in 13% to 1.69M€, post-employment benefit costs increased, as did share-based remuneration and social charges. In comparison to 2017, the main changes are the following two: 1) that there are no “Termination benefits” in 2024 while in 2017 Enders had announced his departure in 2019, thus the concept included 2.9M€, and 2) the exponential increase of social charges, 1.5M€ in 2024 vs 12k€ in 2017. Thus, the overall compensation at 7.99M€ increased vs 2023 but is below 2017 level (9.1 M€).

Boeing CEO, Robert Kelly Ortberg’s 2024 compensation (2025 proxy statement here, page 71):

Boeing’s CEO Robert Kelly Ortberg 2024 compensation.

Robert Kelly Ortberg had a base salary of 0.5M$, one bonus of 1.25M$ and 16M$ in stock based awards. The 2024 total compensation was 18.39M$, very similar to 2017 levels, but…

In the table you can also find the compensation for David Calhoun, and this is because Ortberg took over as CEO only in August of 2024. I will therefore add for comparison purposes the same table for Boeing 2023 fiscal year (2024 proxy here, page 72) when only Calhoun served as CEO.

Boeing’s CEO David Calhoun 2023 compensation.

David Calhoun had a base salary of 1.4M$, 30M$ in stock based awards and another 1.1M$ component. The 2023 total compensation was 32.77M$, 77% higher than 2017 levels, or +14M$.

Comparison. It is interesting to note that while the base salary is nearly the same in both companies, ~ 1.5 m€, the much higher stock based incentive schemes at Boeing push up the total remuneration for the CEO to about four times (x4.1) the one in Airbus.


(1) See the previous comparisons for the years 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016 and 2017.

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Aviodrome, the Aviation museum of The Netherlands

A couple of months ago we visited for a second time the Luchtvaart Museum Aviodrome, the Aviation museum of The Netherlands, located in Lelystadt, a village on reclaimed land of the former Zuiderzee. The village was founded in 1967 and named after Cornelis Lely, the civil engineer behind the Afsluitdijk dyke. Shortly after, the construction of a local airport started and the first flights took place in 1971, in which today is the biggest general aviation airport in The Netherlands.

The museum is organized around 4 sections: the main indoor exhibition with a chronological tour through aviation history with a particular focus on Dutch contributions, the outdoors exhibition with a former KLM Boeing 747 open for visits as the main attraction, a hangar with some old aircraft with a Douglas DC-2 as main attraction and a replica of how Schiphol airport looked like in 1928.

Indoor exhibition

The main exhibition starts with the dawn of aviation from Da Vinci, to Montgolfier, to the Wright brothers, including some replicas and plenty of interactive games for kids to play with and understand some basics of aerodynamic, flight control, etc. Then the focus of the museum is on the Dutch side of aviation with the main characters of Anthony Fokker (aircraft designer), Frederick (Frits) Koolhoven (an automobile engineer turned aircraft designer) and KLM Royal Dutch Airlines with a focus on its first president Albert Plesman (who remained its CEO for 35 years until his death).

Some of the aircraft in the collection that I liked the most were the ones below:

Fokker Spin: Fokker’s first airplane.
Fokker Dr.1: the famous triplane. The one flown by Manfred von Richthofen, the “Red Baron“, who created the aura with the nickname and red coloured plane to intimidate opponents in the air, who would immediately know they had such an effective ace on their tail!
Spyker V.2: the first aircraft designed in the Netherlands to be produced in series.
Fokker F.II: the first aircraft acquired by KLM with which KLM connected The Netherlands with England; also the first passenger airplane with a closed cabin.
Fokker F.VII: which flew for the first time between The Netherlands and the Dutch East Indies, in 1924.
Route from Amsterdam to Batavia (1933).
Douglas DC-3: which KLM flew before WWII and until 1973.
Douglas DC-3 fight deck.
Lockheed L-749 Constellation.
Lockheed L-749 Constellation flight deck.

Outdoors exhibition (747)

In the outdoors exhibition there are a few aircraft like a Fokker 100, a DC-4, an Antonov An-2, but the star is a former KLM Boeing 747 in combi configuration, where visitors can walk through the cargo deck, the economy and business classes and take a look into the flight deck. I leave some pictures below.

Boeing 747 from the upper deck.
747 flight deck.
747 business class cabin on the main deck.
Cargo door in the rear fuselage.
Rear pressure bulkhead.
747 combi layout.
Antonov An-2.
Running loads written on the An-2 inner fuselage.

Hangar (DC-2)

The main item in the hangar is the DC-2 called “Uiver” that won the handicap competition of the MacRobertson Air Race (to commemorate Melbourne centenary celebrations) flying from London to Melbourne in 1934 (and came second in speed) covering 19,877km in 90 hours and 17 minutes. (The one in the exhibition is not the original Uiver as it crashed years after the race in operation; but another DC-2 restored and painted in the same colors)

DC-2 Uiver

Schiphol airport 1928 replica

I leave some pictures below of what was the hall with the counters of the different airlines, a schedule of KLM route to Batavia and some posters with references to the legendary ghost ship The Flying Dutchman.


The museum is great. For the international visitor it misses some panels’ translations. But you can easily follow most of it and spend as many hours as you please.

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Flight excursion around the Lot and Dordogne

Yesterday, together with my family, we participated in a fly out excursion organized by Jean Claude and his aeroclub du Quercy for members of our Aviation Society. We came with different aircraft to meet at Cahors (LFCC) and from there, Jean Claude had prepared a closed loop circuit around the valleys of the rivers Lot and Dordogne, with several points to spot and some quizzes around the area.

Summary of the excursion

As our aeroclub is based in Toulouse Lasbordes (LFCL) we first had to fly to Cahors, a 40 minute flight.

Once at Cahors, we met different members of the local aeroclub and received a last briefing and some advice around the flight. The circuit was divided in 5 sectors.

Sector 1: in this sector we had to spot castles along the Lot, including the Château de Mercués (which belonged to Georges Héreil, former manager at Sud Aviation and father of the Caravelle), the Château de Caïx (acquired by Queen Marguerite II of Denmark, as her  husband, prince Henrik, came from the region), Puy l’évêque and the Château de Bonaguil.

Sector 1
Château de Mercués
Château de Caïx

Sector 2: it consisted of flying North to reach the Dordogne, by way of Villefranche du Périgord.

Sector 3: in this sector we had to spot castles along the Dordogne, including the Château des Milandes (which belonged to the American French singer, activist, resistance agent Joséphine Baker – whose remains rest at the Pantheon), Beynac-et-Cazenac, La Roque, Domme, Souillac.

Sector 3
Château des Milandes
Beynac-et-Cazenac
La Roque

Sector 4: in this sector we had to continue spotting castles along the Dordogne, including Château de la Treyne, Château de Belcastel and Château de Castelnau Bretenoux, we then turner South to fly over Saint Céré (home of the tapestry  artist Jean Lurçat), then West towards the fall of Autoire (seemed dry from the air), Rocamadour and Labastide Murat (origin of the Marshal Joachim Murat).

Sector 4
Château de la Treyne
Rocamadour

Sector 5: in this sector we went back to the valley of the Lot, by way of Marcilhac sur Célé, Cabrerets (where the Pech Merle cave is located, with its prehistoric cave paintings) and reaching Saint-Cirq-Lapopie. We then flew back to Cahors (birthplace of Leon Gambetta).

Sector 5
Saint-Cirq-Lapopie

When we completed the circuit, we landed again at Cahors and shared a delicious lunch with the participants and members of the local aeroclub (very welcoming). They showed us as well the flight simulator they have developed in house to help with the training of new pilots.

Flight simulator at Cahors aeroclub du Quercy

Once, finished we bid our farewell and flew back to Toulouse.

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Airbus vs Boeing; market capitalization (March 2024)

I just realized mid February that Airbus market capitalization was higher than Boeing’s. At that point one was just above $125bn while the other was just below $123bn.

This is just a quick post to update those figures with today’s (March 11th, 2024) values at the closure of markets in NYSE and Paris, plus adding some historical perspective and evolution.

March 11th 2024

  • Airbus stock price: 156.8€, outstanding shares ~790.46 million (787.4 million at the end of 2023 as per the 2023 annual financial report), exchange rate 1.0926 $/€ … Airbus market capitalization ~ $135.4bn
  • Boeing stock price: 192.49$, outstanding shares ~610.1 million (610.1 million in January 2024 as per the 2023 annual financial report)… Boeing market capitalization ~ $117.4bn
  • Airbus market cap is 15% higher than Boeing’s

(This is not the first time that this happens. Looking back at the evolution of both stock prices and exchange rates, around mid May 2022 Airbus market cap was around 20% higher than Boeing’s.)

Now, looking back in time, at the end of 2012

  • Airbus stock price: 29.4€ (Dec 28th, last day of business), outstanding shares ~822.14 million (as per the 2012 annual financial report), exchange rate 1.3072 $/€ … Airbus market capitalization ~ $31.6bn
  • Boeing stock price: 75.36$ (Dec 31st, last day of business), outstanding shares ~755.6 million (as per the 2012 annual financial report)… Boeing market capitalization ~ $56.9bn
  • Boeing market cap was then 80% higher than Airbus’

Evolution from end 2012 to March 2024:

  • Airbus market cap has increased by x4.29 in these 11.19 years… share price increased by x5.33, hence yielding a compounded annual growth rate (CAGR) of 16.1%
  • Boeing market cap has increased by x2.06… share price increased by x2.55, yielding a 8.7% CAGR

As a final note, I leave here a link to an article from Leeham News and Analysis “Pontifications: A contrarian view of Stock Buybacks“, where they include a table with the cumulative investment by Boeing between 2013 and 2019 (both inclusive) in share buy backs, which amounts to $43.5bn.

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Flight excursion to l’île d’Oléron

Last weekend, with Luca and our children, we took one of the aeroclub’s DR-400 to make a flight excursion from Toulouse (France) to l’île d’Oléron, a small island close to La Rochelle.

North side of l’île d’Oléron

I had often heard about this destination from different members of our Aviation Society, so we wanted to give it a try as an easy plan for the weekend. We departed on Saturday morning from Toulouse Lasbordes (LFCL), flew to Saint Pierre d’Oléron (LFDP) in about 2h30′ and stayed overnight in the island, to come back the following morning.

In both flights we flew by the Dune of Pilat and Cap Ferret in order to enjoy the views of the coastline from that point all the way to l’île de Ré.

Cap Ferret

For the preparation of the flights and the navigation we relied on SkyDemon (I took again just 1 month subscription for 15€) from an iPad Mini (using an external GPS connected to the iPad). SkyDemon provides the GPS logs that afterwards can be viewed in Google Earth.

We did not reserve anything in advance, therefore upon arrival at the aerodrome we booked a couple of bikes at the aeroclub (20€ per bike per day; now I would suggest to book them in advance, as there were only 2 bikes left when we arrived) and a night at the hotel l’Hermitage (very good breakfast, silent, nice warm swimming pool at the end of September and accepting payments with cheques vacances), close to the beach Sables Vignier Plage. We had packed light, just 3 light back packs, thus, we rode the bikes with the kids to the hotel and biked as well to and from the beach.

Biking to the hotel
Sables Vignier Plage

As an alternative airport I had selected La Rochelle, from which we could have taken a taxi to l’île de Ré. A third option would have been l’Île-d’Yeu which also has an aerodrome, but after a previous quick search in Booking.com I found that more hotel options with availability would be found at l’île d’Oléron. But I suggest to keep all options open, as if no hotels are found there, the other airports are at a short hop distance.

Saint Pierre d’Oléron (LFDP)
The kids preparing the airplane for the return flight
Return flight

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